Fair Stood the Wind for France Book Review essays

Fair Stood the Wind for France Book Review essays Fair Stood the Wind for France Book Review The novel Fair Stood the Wind for France by H.E. Bates is a Romance Fiction set at the height of World War Two. The story follows the main character, John Franklin, through his journey when he brings his aircraft down into occupied France. The novel deals with love, war, isolation and conflict; although there is no specific theme to the book. I felt that the books purpose was very clear. Bates wanted to show that within all the horrors of war, two people were able to find love and happiness. Franklin had crashed his plane and his arm was severely damaged. Yet while looking for help he found a wonderful family, and if that had not happened then Franklin would never have been able to meet Francoise. Bates makes it clear that there is always some good in all evil, even war. The books title is taken from the poem by Michael Drayton (1563-1631) which is at the beginning of the book. The short verse of the poem is relative to a naval experience (from the referral to sails advancing), which partially ties in with the main setting of the book. Apart from France, the actual title never said or made reference to. The title was taken from the poem, which most likely in its complete form was more to do with war. Although from just the book, the actual title does not have a significant amount of relation and ties in with the story poorly. The story takes place in the Second World War when Franklin and his co-pilots take the plane down. Franklins arm is hurt very badly but luckily they go down in an area of France that is occupied and they can get help promptly. After walking for a significant amount of time they find a farm where a very pleasant family takes them. The family, which consists of Francoise (the girl), her father, her brother Pierre and her Grandmother see to it that Franklins arm is taken care of. They also ...

Green Living - 5 Ways to Help Save the Planet

Green Living - 5 Ways to Help Save the Planet You may not be able to reduce global warming, end pollution and save endangered species single-handedly, but by choosing to live an earth-friendly lifestyle you can do a lot every day to help achieve those goals. And by making wise choices about how you live, and the amount of energy and natural resources you consume, you send a clear message to businesses, politicians and government agencies that value you as a customer, constituent and citizen. Here are five simple things you can do- in 30 minutes or less- to help protect the environment and save Planet Earth. Drive Less, Drive Smart Every time you leave your car at home you reduce air pollution, lower greenhouse gas emissions, improve your health and save money. Walk or ride a bicycle for short trips, or take public transportation for longer ones. In 30 minutes, most people can easily walk a mile or more, and you can cover even more ground on a bicycle, bus, subway or commuter train. Research has shown that people who use public transportation are healthier than those who do not. Families that use public transportation can save enough money annually to cover their food costs for the year. When you do drive, take the few minutes needed to make sure your engine is well maintained and your tires properly inflated. Benefits of Public TransportationKeeping Your Tires Properly Inflated Could Help Save the Planet- and Your Life Eat Your Vegetables Eating less meat and more fruits, grains and vegetables can help the environment more than you may realize. Eating meat, eggs and dairy products contributes heavily to global warming, because raising animals for food produces many more greenhouse gas emissions than growing plants. A 2006 report by the University of Chicago found that adopting a vegan diet does more to reduce global warming than switching to a hybrid car. Raising animals for food also uses enormous amounts of land, water, grain and fuel. Every year in the United States alone, 80 percent of all agricultural land, half of all water resources, 70 percent of all grain, and one-third of all fossil fuels are used to raise animals for food. Making a salad doesn’t take any more time than cooking a hamburger and it’s better for you- and for the environment. What Are the Negative Health Effects of Red Meat? Switch to Reusable Shopping Bags Producing plastic bags uses a lot of natural resources, and most end up as litter that fouls landscapes, clogs waterways, and kills thousands of marine mammals that mistake the ubiquitous bags for food. Worldwide, up to a trillion plastic bags are used and discarded every year- more than a million per minute. The count for paper bags is lower, but the cost in natural resources is still unacceptably high- especially when there is a better alternative. Reusable shopping bags, made of materials that don’t harm the environment during production and don’t need to be discarded after each use, reduce pollution and save resources that could be put to better uses than making plastic and paper bags. Reusable bags are convenient and come in a variety of sizes and styles. Some reusable bags can even be rolled or folded small enough to fit into a purse or pocket. Reusable Bags: Paper, Plastic or Something Better?Why Stop Using Plastic Bags? Change Your Light Bulbs Compact fluorescent light bulbs and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are more energy efficient and less expensive to use than the traditional incandescent bulbs invented by Thomas Edison. For example, compact fluorescent light bulbs use at least two-thirds less energy than standard incandescent bulbs to provide the same amount of light, and they last up to 10 times longer. Compact fluorescent light bulbs also generate 70 percent less heat, so they are safer to operate and can reduce energy costs associated with cooling homes and offices. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, if every U.S. household replaced just one regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb, it would prevent 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, the equivalent of taking 7.5 million cars off the road. On top of that, for every incandescent bulb you replace with an approved compact fluorescent light bulb, you will save consumers $30 in energy costs over the life of the bulb. Change a Light Bulb and Change the WorldA Bright Idea Goes Global: Nations Worldwide Phasing Out Incandescent LightingChina Makes Commitment to Energy-Efficient LightingLet There Be Light: Solar-Powered LED Lamps Brighten Lives of Poor People Pay Your Bills Online Many banks, utilities and other businesses now offer their customers the option of paying bills online, eliminating the need to write and mail paper checks or to keep paper records. By paying your bills online you can save time and money, lower the administrative costs of companies with which you do business, and reduce global warming by helping to prevent deforestation. Signing up for online bill paying is easy and doesn’t take much time. You can either choose to have certain bills paid automatically each month or elect to review and pay each bill yourself. Either way, you will receive outstanding returns on your small investment of time.

Short research report explaining a recent innovation in your area of Assignment

Short research report explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise - Assignment Example I happen to work as a junior assistant manager in Ufone mobile manufacturing company, and after reading various authentic research reports about the revolutionary features of Symbian 3 technology, I think that supporting this feature in the mobiles can really make any company stand in the mainstream. According to Tofel, Symbian- in accordance with its dynamic approach has successfully introduced a totally new horizon in the form of Symbian 3 to the mobile software engineers and common public by giving them a chance to enjoy easy application programming. The new web development tools introduced by the Symbian 3 operating system are extremely easy-to-use and convenient for the users, allowing them to access most of the important applications from the home screen at the same time. I feel that my company needs to make this software technology its top most priority because the addition of this amazing feature in our cell phones will significantly change the way the customers see our mobil es. The broad range of effective application and software development tools like multi-touch gesture support offered by Symbian 3 is greatly capable of affecting the productivity and customer satisfaction scale in a positive way (Symbian^3). Positive effects of Symbian 3 on the mobile manufacturing industry: According to Spence, Symbian 3 has managed in influencing the mobile industry in such a huge way that it is reported to be undergoing the biggest change as yet seen in the history. Reportedly, almost 314000 latest high-end smartphones featuring Symbian 3 technology are getting sold on a daily basis. This interesting piece of information points towards an important fact, which suggests that the soaring popularity gained by Symbian is far outweighing the popularity that was the pride of other eminent mobile manufacturers like Android and Palm. This immense popularity also underlines the understandable fact that commitment with this important and interesting feature can prove to be hugely beneficial for any cell phone manufacturing company in terms of gross revenue and customer appreciation. I want this technology to become the defining symbol of our company because the amazing web development tools are easy-to-get-familiar-with for any user, who even has not any solid technical understanding. It is an undisputed reality that the priorities of the customers keep changing with time and no technology, be it immensely effective and convenient for the public, lasts forever in the context of public appreciation. Flexibility should be an essential feature of organizational behavior and so, I want my company to adhere to this latest technology so that new changes can be brought in the way the mobile softwares are designed. We should look up to the biggest changes brought by the topmost technologies introduced in the international mobile industry and Symbian 3 is definitely one of those eye-catching technologies. Why Symbian 3 should be made the top priority of any m obile company? Shaukat lays stress on the remarkable features supported by the Symbian OS by saying that the software tools that come with Symbian 3 have made the founder of this technology, Symbian, so popular that â€Å"it has taken over 70% of the existing smartphone market.†

Managing Information Technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Information Technology - Case Study Example Unfortunately IBM started to face a plunging decrease in its profit margins around mid 1980s. Some of the concluded reasons by analysts are, Bureaucratic and slow-moving setup. Reluctance in revamping of old business strategies. Wrong assessment of business risks etc. According to study conducted by Drucker (1993), The fourth of the deadly business sins is slaughtering tomorrow's opportunity on the altar of yesterday. It is what derailed IBM. IBM's downfall was paradoxically caused by unique success: IBM's catching up, almost overnight, when Apple brought out the first PC in the mid-1970s. This feat actually contradicts everything everybody now says about the company's "stodginess" and its bureaucracy." But then when IBM had gained leadership in the new PC market, it subordinated this new and growing business to the old cash cow, the mainframe computer. This stage came after a career IBMer John Akers took over the charge of the company in the year 1985. In his tenure several downsizi ng attempts from the administration of the company came as a result. The statistics related to downsizing can be observed in Table 1. Table 1: The IBM Timeline from 1970 to 1994. YEARS PROGRESS AT IBM. 1970s IBM owns about 70% of the computer market share. ... Louis V. Gerstner an outsider took over the control of the company after him as per the IBM board’s decision. Despite various attempt at downsizing the company was still going in loss. It had become essential that further downsizing of employees be done in order to secure the income of the company. The Gerstner early years witnessed a mild rise in the income but the trend was not consistent. The same is evident in Figure 1. KEY POINTS AND ISSUES: An account of the issues and problems facing by the company can be evaluated by reviewing its establishment in the State of Indiana. During the year 1992 Indiana reduced the number of its employees about 30%. The declining states of the company’s economy made Michael W. Wiley (General Manager Operations for the state of Indiana) foresee another cut in the number of employees at the organization. This however was not affordable, as the threshold of downsizing was already achieved and loosing competent workforce would cause bigge r losses to the company. In 1993 John Frank, then operations manager for IBM’s Indiana offices came up with the idea of substituting the reduction of personnel with the downsizing of real estate holding of the company at the state of Indiana. He proposed the idea of furnishing employees with the technology so that they can work from home. The idea was termed as TELECOMMUTING. TELECOMMUTING The idea of Telecommuting was new to the firm. While every other country office of the IBM was reducing staff Indiana was trying their hands at a new technique. The executive Vice president for Indiana Operations was the first one to empty his office from the Bank One Tower in Indianapolis. General Manager Operations Frank

Why Energy Drinks Are Unhealthy Essay Example for Free

Why Energy Drinks Are Unhealthy Essay A lot of people drink energy drinks now, especially young people and teenagers. Adults drink Red Bull and Monsters too explaining it that strong coffee doesn’t help them. Of course, people feel good when they drink energy drinks. Energy drinks have become popular among students in preparation for exams, office workers who do not have time to meet the deadline, some athletes (in fitness clubs), tired drivers and clubbers for anyone who is tired, but should feel fresh and full of energy. After drinking the energy drink, you immediately feel a surge of strength, vitality, improves mood and increases the reaction rate. If we compare the effect of energy with a cup of coffee, it is many times greater than it, and lasts a long time. From time immemorial people have used stimulants. Thus, in the Middle East people to have strength and energy drink coffee, in China and Asia tea in Africa cola nuts. Magnolia, Ginseng, Aralia were popular in Siberia. Energy drinks have appeared in the late twentieth century. A businessman from Australia after a trip to Asia has decided to establish manufacturing engineers. The first energy drink on an industrial scale was Red Bull. Energetic quickly won the love of the consumer along with Coca-Cola and Pepsi. To taste all the energy drinks are not much different from to simple soda. But we know that the manufacturers add vitamins, carbohydrates, and even caffeine. And all this is done to a man tormented life immediately cheered up, felt a surge of strength and in the end felt an interest in this very life. There are doubts? It is known that the composition comprises carbonated beverage energetic water, sugar, and a mysterious color. As they say, drink to your health! The components of energy drinks are not chosen by chance. Carbohydrates are charged with energy, vitamins stimulate the muscles, and caffeine invigorates. Incidentally, the caffeine they contain roughly the same as a cup of coffee. Today, scientists and experts opinions are divided: some believe energy drinnk is quite harmless, as the regular soda, while others argue that they can act like drugs, and certainly addictive and dependency. Jane E. Brody (2011) writes that numbers of scientists are worried about highly caffeinated beverages like Red Bull, Rockstar, Monster and Full Throttle, which are popular among teenagers and young adults. People who regularly drink energy drinks should take care. By drinking one standard drink cans daily dose of caffeine is the normal dose. It is not exceeded but two or more cans it is above the norm for most people. Regularly abusing caffeine can lead to problems such as nervousness, irritability, drowsiness, frequent urination, arrhythmia, and dyspepsia. The simultaneous use of energy drinks and some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may cause pupil dilation in humans. (Sara M. , 2010) I read a short news article â€Å"Boy treated after Red Bull binge† from BBC News. This article says that fifteen years old boy from Hummersknott Comprehensive School was taken to hospital in Darlington after drinking eight cans of energy drink Red Bull. Of course this is the most common energy drink ingredient and most of you know the side effects, but the list wouldn’t be complete without it. It’s hard to pinpoint a safe dose because it varies from person to person and according to a person’s tolerance. Between 500 milligrams to 1000 milligrams in a 24 hour period will probably result in side effects. (Energy Drink Side Effects) The main active component of energy drinks caffeine, which increases the physical capabilities. In amounts up to 6 mg / kg it actually has a positive effect with a minimum negative impact. (Caffeine Health: Clarifying the Controversies) However, today there are no established norms for the use of caffeine in the energy sector, as they relate to food additives. If soft drinks, according to the norms of FDA, the caffeine content cannot exceed 20 mg / ml, the power of one bank can contain 505 mg of caffeine its like to drink 14 cans of Coca-Cola. Too much caffeine can harm health, making overconsumption of energy drinks risky. Insomnia, heart rhythm disturbances, osteoporosis, heart disease, anxiety and miscarriage are all linked to excessive caffeine consumption. (EmaxHealth, 2010, para.4). Katherine Zeratsky (2012), Resource Drainer, tells â€Å"With the growing popularity of energy drinks, many parents have become concerned about how much caffeine their kids are getting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents get no more than 100 milligrams of caffeine a day. Younger children shouldnt drink caffeinated beverages on a regular basis. (Nutrition and healthy eating, para. 6) Young people just pours into an energy drink the market of soft drinks is 20 million liters per year. Even more popular alcoholic cocktails containing energy. But for some reason so wins and successful people will no longer be. But some are altogether in a hospital bed. Consisting of caffeine and taurine, which are simply using energy reserves of the body, without giving anything in return. So, it’s like a car: the more we load the motor, the faster we go, the more wear on the engine. That is why at first regular use of energy drinks enough 1 2 cans, and then all the time necessary to increase the dose to the body using even their innermost reserves of energy stored in an extreme case. But addiction specialists say, not as part of anything is not contained. However, the researchers note that the taste of power engineers and other carbonated drinks are not bad. The liquid from the jar to drink constantly and it is not boring unlike, for example, from ordinary water with sugar. At the same time hooked to the power not only to avid party-goers. Pour tired students and honors students to better prepare for exams, young professionals, so as not to waste precious time in sleep, and time to make money. I read web article â€Å"Surrey school bans high-energy drinks† from BBC website. It tells about Oxted School in Britain. A Surrey school has banned its pupils from drinking high-energy drinks because of their impact on behavior. A spokesman for the energy drink, Red Bull, said it does not recommend its beverages to caffeine-sensitive individuals, including children. The rapid release of adrenaline, increased mental activity, after a short time leads to a decrease in strength. After drinking an energy drink you have to give your body time to recover and take out caffeine. An overdose of caffeine causes nervousness, irritability, lack of sleep and appetite. With long-term regular use of caffeine appear cramps, stomach pain, and deterioration of the nervous system. For children it is most harmful drink. Especially if they drink it more than they can. In addition to the caffeine in energy drinks high in sugar, which can also lead to short-term increase in the activity of the brain. These drinks are quite high in calories, so now they are released in a lightweight version with a sweetener. These drinks do not give additional impetus to energy. â€Å"High levels of refined sugar especially high fructose corn syrup are known to lead to weight gain and diabetes. Most of the more popular brands contain 18-39 grams of sugars, which not only will contribute to developing diabetes and weight gain, but do not contribute to long-term energy. Glucuronolactone one of the natural metabolite of glucose in the human body. Is also found in cereals, red wine, some vegetable resins. It is an important component of connective tissue. No power does not possess properties somewhat improves the excretion of toxic metabolic products. In the energy drinks contain in an amount exceeding the natural daily production in the 250-500 times. † (Energy Drink Facts, para. 8) Taurine another commonly used components. This is sort of a natural component, an amino acid that is also present in appreciable amounts in meat and fish. However, when we use conventional foods, our bodies naturally get taurine in the right quantities. Taurine is best absorbed with vitamin B6. Energy drinks give us more taurine than necessary. Taurine combined with caffeine is toxic to the body. (Side Effects of Taurine, para 4) â€Å"Studies have shown no significant negative side effects in taurine dosages up to 6 grams a day. Energy drink levels of taurine typically are between 50 to 100 milligrams. Excess taurine is eliminated in the urine. One potential positive side effect associated with taurine supplements is for people undergoing chemotherapy. Certain chemotherapy medications can severely decrease a patients taurine levels, and taurine supplementation may make the patient feel better. Chemotherapy patients should speak with their doctors before beginning taurine supplements. † (Side Effects of Taurine, para 4) Guarana a tropical plant with a strong antioxidant effect. Its fruits contain high amounts of caffeine and have tonic properties. Guarana is a medicinal plant. In guarana contains: 5. 5% amide Resin 7%, 0. 6% saponin, and traces of amino acids, adenine and guanine, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium and vitamin B1. (Katherine Zeratsky, 2012) Guarana seeds can be used: to treat headaches, fever, cramps against, as an aphrodisiac. Used guarana seeds for prevention of bacterial infections, as a tonic and tonic as a stimulant. Performance and endurance with the use of guarana increased. Guarana is useful in the treatment of migraine and neuralgia. Guarana helps in the fight against obesity by inhibiting hunger and promoting the destruction of the fat. And for people with chronic fatigue syndrome guarana an indispensable plant. Guarana, along with ginseng, is removed from muscle tissue lactic acid. Decreasing the sensitivity to pain during exercise. Prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis, purify the liver. As part of the energy drink guarana and ginseng derive a variety of toxins and are exciting to people. However, the doctors and then kept in the confirmation of the exciting action. â€Å"Guarana comes from plants native to South America. Amazonians have used it for a long time to increase alertness and energy. It’s more dense in caffeine than coffee beans (3-4% vs 1-2%). It’s not just called â€Å"caffeine† because it contains a couple other things: theobromine and theophylline. They’re found in coffees and teas and are known stimulants. Marketing will sometimes call this one guaranine, as if it’s something different. It’s not. Some people do respond differently to the version of caffeine in guarana compared with regular caffeine. Some report that guarana works better, while others believe it doesn’t have as good of a stimulating effect. † (Energy Drinks Ingredients, para. 8) In using the energy drink people, in addition to the guaranteed caffeine stimulation (the same as when using, for example, coffee), swallows a big question mark because of the effects of combinations of such substances in such doses is simply no data. Also, do not forget that they themselves drink any energy in itself does not contain. They only mobilize internal reserves, literally squeezing them out of cheerfulness. This effect requires a sufficient rest to follow recovery. When an advertisement promises you a jar of energy drink to regain the energy, know that it is a fraud, the energy you expend their own. Sooner or later you will have to return the vigor and energy, taken from the body into debt. If the girl drank energy drink once a month, its easy to cheer her and not feel the moment of the return energy of the debt. If the energy drink used regularly, the body is unable to recover, and in that case, unavoidable harm to the body: shattered nervous system, cardiovascular system wear, and a person has a dependence on energy. As you can see the arguments against is greater than the arguments for. And yet, it is possible in your life may come a time (hopefully, one-time), when you feel the need to drink a bottle of energy drink. In any case take care of yourself. References Boy treated after Red Bull binge. (2008, February 20). BBC. Retrieved from http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/wear/7255306. stm Blanchard K.(2010, August 17). Energy drink risks may outweigh benefits. EmaxHealth. Retrieved from http://www. emaxhealth. com/1020/energy-drink-risks-may-outweigh-benefits Brody J. E. (2011, January 31). Scientists see dangers in energy drinks. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2011/02/01/health/01brody. html? _r=1 Caffeine Health: Clarifying The Controversies. International food information council foundation. Energy drink facts. Healthy Planet diet. Retrieved from http://www. healthyplanetdiet. com/energy-drink-facts. html Energy drink side effects. Energy fiend. Retrieved from http://www.energyfiend. com/energy-drink-ingredients Sara M. Seifert, BS, Judith L. Schaechter, MD, Eugene R. Hershorin, MD, Steven E. Lipshultz, MD (2010). Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Pediatrics. Retrieved from http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/early/2011/02/14/peds. 2009-3592. abstract Surrey school bans hight-energy drinks. (2010, March 25). BBC. Retrieved from http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/surrey/8586893. stm Zeratsky K. (2012, March 27) Nutrition and healthy eating. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/energy-drinks/AN01303.

The Hot Zone :: essays research papers

Gripping Reality There are many challenges, and day-to-day obstacles that may challenge ones comfort zone. Not often can you find a book that challenges that zone. Richard Preston writes a gripping novel, The Hot Zone, about the deadly Ebola virus. Through gripping detail and realism, Preston accomplishes informing the reader, and challenges the comfort zone, about the Ebola virus between 1967 and 1993. Throughout this 26-year time period, several people became infected with Ebola. Preston first introduces a French man, Charles Monet. Monet had a submissive personality, and only seemed to connect with women. Following a climbing trip from Mount Elgon with one of his mistresses, Monet came down with a headache, and died. However a headache was not the only symptoms Monet had. â€Å"He leans over head on his knees, and brings up an incredible quality of blood from his stomach and spills it onto the floor. With a gasping groan, he falls unconscious. Then comes a sound like a bed sheet being torn in half, which is the sound for his bowls opening and venting blood†(23). As if this wasn’t a horrifying experience for a man to go through, this was not the beginning, nor the end to this virus. Fighting her way to the top, Lt. Col. Nancy Jaax, worked as a Biosafety Level 4 veterinary pathologist. As Level 4 pathologist, Jaax wore a space-type suit, and worked with extremely lethal airborne viruses. The space suit is the only thing that keeps Jaax safe from these deadly viruses. During the dissection of an Ebola infested monkey, the unthinkable happens. â€Å"She glanced down. Her glove. It was drenched in blood, Ebola blood, but now she saw the hole. It was a rip across the palm of the outer glove on her right hand†(87). The reader, and probably even Lt. Col. Nancy Jaax knows the painful, and grotesque death that will soon follow. Preston goes into great detail on each case, causing the reader to cringe at the reality that these cases happened to real people. Even amid today’s technology and medical advances things such as: â€Å"He coughs a deep cough and regurgitates something into the bag†¦ his lips are smeared with something slippery and red, mixed with black specks, as if he has been chewing coffee grounds†(17).

Compare and Contrast the Contribution to the Study of Education Essay

I am comparing and contrasting the contribution to the study of education made by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke as I believe they are two of the biggest contributors to education. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland, on June 12, 1712. His mother died soon after his birth, and his father Isaac Rousseau, abandoned him to be orphaned at the age of twelve. Rousseau addresses freedom more than any other problem and aims to explain how man is given total freedom without restrictions. Rousseau believes there are two reasons for this, first if he is not restricted by rules of state or dominated by others. The second is that if he is free from the need of artificial or material things in modern society. These make up a large amount of Rousseau’s philosophy, but the second is part of his more insightful philosophical process. Rousseau believed that modern society has changed man into being run by his own needs, he thinks that this enslavement to their own needs is to blame for exploitation of others to self-esteem issues. Rousseau has a famous phrase, â€Å"man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains,† he says that modern states withhold the physical freedom that is our birth right, and do nothing to secure the civil freedom for the sake of which we enter into civil society. Rousseau strongly believes that young children at a certain age must focus on the physical side of their education. Like animals they must be left to their own devices to discover the world they live in and how things work it is very important when it comes to learning later in life.

Discuss Concepts of Attachment in Human Development

Discuss concepts of attachment in human development. What implications does this have for a society in which the majority of Mothers are employed outside the home? Attachment is the bond and affection created by two people. It is a need developed in human beings since we are born to feel secure and safe. According to Bowlby, this theory is an emotion connection human beings generate when they are born where they get emotionally associated to caregivers, normally the mother, creating to an emotional reaction when this connection of attachment is in danger or gone. (Worden 1991) Lasing psychological connectedness between human beings† The caregiver is giving to the baby an emotional security needed for the development of the baby. (Hospice Slo) This attachment between baby and caregiver can be partially replaced when the baby grows and gets involved for longer periods of time during the day with other human beings but it is very important to keep the infant close to the main care giver to improve child’s chance of survival. Birth involves changes and adjustments, pain and joy and new beginnings (Kubler-Ross 1981) Key Features of Bolby’s theory of Attachment. Monotropy: Babies are strongly attached to the caregiver who is normally the mother, and this attachment takes its form on the first year of life. -If attachment with the mother has not taken place by age 2, it will be almost impossible to adjust it, even after 6 months of the baby’s life; it would make it very difficult. -Secure attachment to the caregiver is very important for a future emotional, social and intellectual development. -Once attachment is created, if it gets interrupted it can led to massive consequences on social, intellectual and emotional development. Reciprocal: The attachment is form in a two way. -Critical period. Between 6 months and 2 years is most important period where the baby and the caregiver should be close to creating a bond. -Maternal deprivation. As B owlby describes it, it is the serious developmental impairment caused by being separated from the mother in infancy. (Kubler-Ross 1981) Having in mind the theories of attachment according to Bowlby and the repercussions if interrupted, we can state the existence of a strong independence between mother and baby.We can understand that this bond between baby/toddler and caregiver cannot be eternally followed. In general, the mothers, after a giving birth, have created the attachment and get connected to the baby but at some point, most of them will have to go back to a productive life and join their job again if they had one, as most women will be obliged to contribute to the necessities of the family’s finances so she will be forced to assign the task of caring for the baby after just a few months of the baby’s life.That does not mean the attachment will be broken but the baby will spend some time during the day looked after by a second party. The baby will be responsive and create an emotional connection between the new caregiver once the caregiver is responsive and familiar. (Berger 1983) This is not a journey by choice most of the time. It would be greater if the mother could stay close to home and focus directly on what is right to be sure that her path is connected with the child. (Kornfield 1988)The task of looking after the baby while the mother is working could be given to a second party in the family, for example grandparents if they are able to take care of the child or any other relative. A nanny or infant day care are some other choices to achieve the right care for the baby. Once the task of carer has been assigned, the baby will be separated of his mother for most of the day and new attachments will be formed, but the main one will be the bond between mother and child.This change could be lived by the child in a very distressed way as new people or strange people will be caring for him and it could be upsetting for the mother if the b onds are too tight. As upsetting as it could be for the child this change in life and environment could be a crucial move for the child to start learning different things, interact with other people or children and start new discoveries. Mothers always think is safer to leave children with family relates, but depending the age, childcare could be a perfect option for a child.Once the infant is around 2 years old, being exposed to other children will help to develop and the start of relationships with other people or kids, so from being the main character in his house, children will learn to socialize with other children or people with the purpose of social growing. The father, who in a normal situation would have developed a bond with the child but in a smaller scale than the mother, he will make closer emotional connection with his child as he will have more responsibility sharing the tasks and caring for the baby. Cowan 1993) Having mentioned what attachment means for caregiver/mo ther and baby and the changes in modern life, we can question how this affects the working mother, the family and the child. Long-term study by University College London has studied the case and influence in young children when their mothers have to go to work and develop a professional career.The conclusions have been revealing that the kids exposed to this situation are not harmed emotionally or socially by being left with family, relatives or day care option and they would had the same behaviour so there were no changes with the absence of the caregiver. Some researches pointed out that there are no big difference between the time a working mother or a housewife dedicate to their children, as the working mothers compensate the attention to their children on the weekends to make up for the time they have been working and they have missed expending with their child.Psychologists’ point that it is more important the quality not the quantity of time spent with her children. Th e fact that the mother can develop a professional career can help to lift her self-esteem and that will be transmitted to the children instead the mother having to resign for the sake of her children which it can lead to a frustration and depression and these could also be transmitted to the children and affect their day life and their behaviour.This case study leaded to some other repercussions regarding children gender and different situations in the household which we can blame to some dysfunctional parental issues. (Meikle) The UCL Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatics study states that children which are left in caring centres or looked after by relatives have poorer dietary habits, had more tendencies to drink sweet drinks between meals and they were an average of two hours a day in front of the TV or the computer than the children who were full time looked after by the mother.These statements link to appreciate that working parents have less time to provide their children with a balance diet and chances for physical activity leading children to a higher risk of obesity. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health) Another study by the University College London states that there were no detrimental effects for children if the mother goes back to work but that children’s health and emotional wellbeing could sustain if the detachment happens in very early life of the child.Dr Anne McMunn agrees with some of the statements above and she pointed that children looked after by the mother full time had the most behaviour difficulties. (Ross, T, Barker, C) She also stated that working mothers are more likely to have higher educational qualifications which would allow them to live in a higher class in society, with bigger incomes and have lower possibilities of getting depressed than non working mothers.These factors explain the levels of behavioural difficulties for males of non working mothers, but it would not be the same case for girls. ( McMunn, A) The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D. C has studied the case of families with low incomes and the benefits in children if mothers go to work. Children in a low class family will benefit more if the mother works as there will be a financial stability in the household and the mother will become a model role to follow for the family.Their case study was based in mothers returning to work at early age of the children (preferably almost straight away after giving birth) giving a result of benefits for the children and the family. On the other side, mothers who go back to work after her children turns 3 years old, these children will tend to have achievement problems in school, behavioural problems and conduct problems, believing that it was much better an earlier start for the mother to join work.Doing more research on middle and upper class families, children who were left in daycares were slightly more likely to see decreases in achievement, suggesting th at families with no financial problems may not see beneficial for the mother to go back to work while children are very young. These studies took place in USA and they agree there is no support for new mothers in terms of flexi time and maternity leave policies and that having more help to arrange more time with their babies could only have positive effects for children. Thompson, R. L) United Nations Children's Fund reported that children in UK are exposed to risk as mothers join work too soon having to leave babies in day care, nannies and they mentioned it reduces the emotional benefit and behaviourally if the mothers were able to look after the kids at home as maternity leave are not fairly paid and UK and it does not provide enough money for early childhood services.Unicef reckons by their research that the lack of contact between parents and children could lead the children to depression and withdrawn, performing poorly in school and developing behavioural problems stating tha t the younger the baby is, the greater the risk recommending that babies should be with the parents at least till they are 12 months old. (Beckford, M) We have had the chance to compare different studies and points of view in terms of the impact and implications for employed mothers who have to be away from their homes to bring an income to the house and leave their children in care of second parties.Some of this studies vary in opinions and we have pointed the main repercussions, but most of them agree there is no major repercussions in being absent from the household while they are working. In general, once the attachment mother-child has been established, the mother and the children will always be connected and it could be beneficial for the child for his on future development.In the old times, mothers were staying at home looking after the children and taking care of the house, but this society we are living now has made us change this tradition and our ways of behaving relating parental attachment have changed as we need the income to survive, but the success of our children in the future will not be measured by the material things received but the intensity and quality in the affecting relations parents have been able to provide since they are children.We need to bear in mind that most of the cases where the studies do not find any unbeneficial consequences are based in traditional families, mother and father together with no dysfunctional problems, which if these situation changes dramatically, and the consequences would be completely different. We also presume that the nanny, relative or care giver assigned for this task has experience or it is a high level institution where the children are not going to be in lack of caring of attention. References: – Beckford, M (2008) Unicef: English children at risk because mothers go back to work too soon [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. o. uk/news/uknews/3701376/Unicef-English-children-at-risk-b ecause-mothers-go-back-to-work-too-soon. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Berger, K. S, 6th ed. , (1983) The developing person through the life span. New York: Worth Publishers. – Cowan, P. A (1993) Family, self, and society: toward a new agenda for family research. New Jersey: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. – Hospice SLO. Worden's 4 Tasks of Grief [Online]. Available: http://www. hospiceslo. org/helpful-info/82-wordens-4-tasks-of-grief. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (2009) Children of working mothers have unhealthier lifestyles. Online]. Available: http://www. ucl. ac. uk/news/news-articles/0909/09092903 [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Kornfield, J (1988) A path with heart. New York: Rider. -Kubler-Ross,E (1981) Living with Death and Dying. How to communicate with the terminally ill. New York:Touchstone. -McMunn, A (2011) Working mothers and the effects on children. [Online]. Available: http://www. esrc. ac. uk/news-a nd-events/press-releases/16143/working-mothers-and-the-effects-on-children. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Meikle, J (2011) Working mothers do no harm to their young children, research finds. [Online]. Available: http://www. guardian. co. k/lifeandstyle/2011/jul/22/working-mothers-no-harm-children [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Ross, T, Barker, C (2011) New mothers told it's better to go back to work. [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/family/8652948/New-mothers-told-its-better-to-go-back-to-work. html [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Thompson, R. L (2010) The Kids Are All Right: Few Negative Associations With Moms' Return to Work Soon After Having Children. [Online]. Available: http://www. apa. org/news/press/releases/2010/10/working-mothers. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Worden, J. W, 4th  ed. , (2010)  Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook

CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Essays - Motivation

CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Essays - Motivation CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT UGB 117 CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Money reward is superior to any other motivational incentives Motivation is a process that energizes and guides behaviour towards reaching a particular goal. (Sansone, 2000) It is one of the important factors that encourage employees to strive forward towards the goal of an organisation. Human resources are an integral part of any organisation and there are a numerous distinctive reasons why we do things.In some cases we are roused to act due to inner longings and wishes, however at different times our practices are determined by a longing for outer prizes. According to Bernstein, the motivation hypothesis is one of the real hypotheses of inspiration and proposes that conduct is roused by a longing for fortification or impetuses (Bernstein, 2011). Motivating human resources is very important to every organization to improve performance level, reduction in employee turnover, reduction in resistance to change, increase production, helps to Reduce Absenteeism in the Organisation and Helps to Change Negative or Indifferent Attitudes of Employees (S.Pujari, 2014). There are several incentives of motivating people. Some of them are positive and negative, Intrinsic and extrinsic, monetary and non-monetary etc. From above them monetary and non-monetary incentives are major ways of motivating people. Money is the monetary motivation incentive which is also known as extrinsic motivation and there are other non-monetary incentives also known as intrinsic motivations. In this report we are going to debate money reward is more superior to any other motivation incentive. We are an advocate for the topic, because those motivating forces which fulfil the subordinates by giving them remunerates regarding cash like bonus, increasing salary etc. According to the motivational theory developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, workers are motivated chiefly by money. Taylors theory proved to be very successful as workers were more motivated to increase their efficiency of work when they were paid according to the number of items they produced in a specific interval of time. Money has been perceived as a superior wellspring of fulfilling the needs of individuals. Money is additionally useful to fulfil the social needs by having different material things. Accordingly, money fulfils psychological needs as well as the security and social needs. However, for many of the employees money is not the only supreme factor that increases their work efficiency, there are sure non-monetary motivating forces which can fulfil the personality and self- realization needs of workers. The motivating forces which can't be measured as far as cash are under the class of "Non- money related impetuses" or intrinsic factors like need for achievement; power and affiliation. Taylors theory as mentioned above was successful for a limited period of time but soon the employees were getting tired of doing the repetitive jobs every day. As a result, even though the pay was higher there was no job satisfaction among them which definitely had influence on the productivity of the organisation. These forms of non-monetary recognition can often be more effective than cash awards because since cash spent its gone whereas other incentives remain forever. According to survey by development dimensions international, UK, pay was also the 5th reason for people l eaving jobs. In view of that, in numerous production lines, different pay arrangements and extra plans are acquainted with spur and fortify the individuals to work. To sum it up, employees are not only motivated by money rewards. People who have higher salaries end up quitting their job due to lack of job satisfaction, better promotional opportunities and for exciting and varied place of work. Therefore, money can convince most of the people to retain their jobs but cannot guarantee their full commitment towards their organisation whereas employees that are motivated by other intrinsic factors are found to be more active and committed towards their job, hence, resulting in the company becoming more productive. REFERENCES Thomas, K. (2000). Intrinsic motivation at work. 1st ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Bruce, A. (2003). How to motivate every employee. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Riley, j. (2014). Theories of Motivation. [Online] tutor2u. Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/people_motivation_theories.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Chapman, A. (2014). Frederick Herzberg motivational theory, motivators and hygienefactors, free Herzberg diagrams. [online] Businessballs.com. Available at: businessballs.com/herzberg.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and

The History of the Electric Telegraph and Telegraphy

The History of the Electric Telegraph and Telegraphy The electric telegraph is a now outdated communication system that transmitted electric signals over wires from location to location and then translated into a message. The non-electric telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe in 1794. His system was visual and used semaphore, a flag-based alphabet, and depended on a line of sight for communication. The optical telegraph was later replaced by the electric telegraph, which is the focus of this article. In 1809, a crude telegraph was invented in Bavaria by Samuel Soemmering. He used 35 wires with gold electrodes in water.  At the receiving end,  the message was read 2,000 feet away  by the amount of gas produced by electrolysis. In 1828, the first telegraph in the USA was invented by Harrison Dyar, who sent electrical sparks through chemically treated paper tape to burn dots and dashes. Electromagnet In 1825, British inventor William Sturgeon (1783-1850) introduced an invention that laid the foundation  for a large scale revolution in electronic communications: the electromagnet. Sturgeon demonstrated the power of the electromagnet by lifting nine pounds with a seven-ounce piece of iron wrapped with wires through which the current of a single cell battery was sent. However, the true power of the electromagnet comes from its role in the creation of countless inventions to come. The Emergence of Telegraph Systems In 1830, an American named  Joseph Henry (1797-1878) demonstrated the potential of William Sturgeons electromagnet for long distance communication by sending an electronic current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet, causing a bell to strike. In 1837, British physicists  William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patented the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph using the same principle of electromagnetism. However, it was Samuel Morse (1791-1872) who successfully exploited the electromagnet and bettered Henrys invention. Morse started by making sketches of a magnetized magnet based on Henrys work. Eventually, he invented a telegraph system that was a practical and commercial success. Samuel Morse While teaching arts and design at New York University in 1835, Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper. This  led to the invention of Morse Code. The following year, the device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes. He gave a public demonstration in 1838, but it wasnt until five years later that Congress, reflecting public apathy, awarded him  $30,000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, a distance of 40 miles. Six years later, members of Congress witnessed the transmission of messages over part of the telegraph line. Before the line had reached Baltimore, the Whig party held its national convention there  and nominated Henry Clay  on  May 1, 1844. The news was hand-carried to Annapolis Junction, between Washington and Baltimore, where Morses partner Alfred Vail wired it to the capitol. This was the first news dispatched by electric telegraph. What Hath God Wrought? The message  What hath God wrought? sent by Morse Code from the old Supreme Court chamber in the United States capitol to his partner in Baltimore officially opened the completed line on May 24, 1844. Morse allowed Annie Ellsworth, the young daughter of a friend, to choose the words of the message and she selected a verse from Numbers XXIII, 23: What hath God wrought? to be recorded onto paper tape. Morses early system produced a paper copy with raised dots and dashes, which were translated later by an operator. The Telegraph Spreads Samuel Morse and his associates obtained private funds to extend their line to Philadelphia and New York. Small telegraph companies, meanwhile began functioning in the East, South, and Midwest. Dispatching trains by telegraph started in 1851, the same year Western Union began business. Western Union built its first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861, mainly along railroad rights-of-way. In 1881, the Postal Telegraph System entered the field for economic reasons and later merged with Western Union in 1943. The original Morse telegraph printed code on tape. However, in the United States, the operation developed into a process in which messages were sent by key and received by ear. A trained Morse operator could transmit 40 to 50 words per minute. Automatic transmission, introduced in 1914, handled more than twice that number. In 1900, Canadian Fredrick Creed invented the Creed Telegraph System,  a way to convert Morse code to text. Multiplex Telegraph, Teleprinters, Other Advancements In 1913, Western Union developed multiplexing, which made it possible to transmit eight messages simultaneously over a single wire (four in each direction). Teleprinter machines came into use around  1925 and in 1936 Varioplex was introduced. This enabled a single wire to carry 72 transmissions at the same time (36 in each direction). Two years later, Western Union introduced the first of its automatic facsimile devices. In 1959, Western Union inaugurated TELEX, which enabled subscribers to the teleprinter service to dial each other directly. Telephone Rivals the Telegraph Until 1877, all rapid long-distance communication depended upon the telegraph. That year, a rival technology developed that would again change the face of communication:  the telephone. By 1879, patent litigation between Western Union and the infant telephone system  ended in an agreement that largely separated the two services. While Samuel Morse is best known as the inventor of the telegraph, he is also esteemed for his contributions to American portraiture. His painting is characterized by delicate technique and vigorous honesty and insight into the character of his subjects.

Protection and Security of a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Protection and Security of a Company - Essay Example Securitization of information helps the organization to achieve its goals in an effective and efficient manner. If an organization fails to securitize information then it would face difficulties in both the short and the long run. Organizational efficiency suffers in scenarios where data is lost, destructed or fabricated. Hackers and malicious codes might affect the overall performance of the data and this affect the organization. Viruses are not only a threat for data security but in order to protect and secure an organization's data a solution or an effective data recovery and backup plan must be maintained by an organization. Security analysts are hired to maintain security in an organization both internally and externally. Security control procedures are essential to every organization and every organization usually devises a strategy on how to monitor and control its security issues. The element of data security involves a request message at a network node and on the intermediate level (Lehtinen & Gangemi, 2006). Then this request message is linked with the total number of data packets that are emitted from a communicating device. Organizations must develop a comprehensive set of instructions and procedures in order to assess the effectiveness of security controls that are implemented in the computer systems. ... In order to securitize the data all the security procedures must be implemented effectively and they should fulfill all the security requirements. Security control procedures must continuously check the changes that are taking place in the information systems and should frame the security procedures accordingly. Proper planning and strategy must be developed when preparing the procedures of security within an organization. Disruption can cause serious threats to security and it might result in data loses and malfunctioning of information. Lack of retrieving valuable information or data errors can create havoc for any organization and it might result in losses to the company in the long term. Security control procedures must be designed in such a way that they must provide a proper backup to the data (Carr & Snyder, 2006). A firewall must be installed for eliminating external threats like hacking, viruses etc. Disruptions are the most dangerous threat to data security because data can be damaged and fabrications in the data can be lethal to an organization. In the scenario of destruction a proper back up plan on storage devices is the ultimate remedy of this problem. Moreover, data backup should be placed online and to secure places. Security control procedures of nearly all the organizations revolve around the idea of maintaining backups for data prior to destruction. However, conventional organization s rely heavily on data backups through physical devices but this won't stop data from destructing in the long run because a disaster like flood or an earth quake can ruin all the devices and storage capacity of the data (Bishop, 2002). Therefore, organizations must maintain